Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. At the same time, many African-American graduates from top-tier schools “whiten” their CVs (by, say, using their initials or different names) so as to not trigger their interviewers’ implicit bias. To make matters worse, the mass incarceration of African-Americans is becoming more and more problematic because the vicious circle goes in the opposite direction as well. In addition, they don’t talk about it at all. Photo Credit: Global Diaspora News (www.GlobalDiasporaNews.com). 60 percent of the stops officers made in Oakland were of black people, although blacks made up only 28 percent of the Oakland population at the time. As Michelle Alexander demonstrated in The New Jim Crow, mass incarceration is basically a modern variant of slavery, because it is not mostly an African-American problem—but it is also, almost exclusively, an American problem (with blacks). And one of the strongest stereotypes in American society associates blacks with criminality.”. Many factors contribute to these disparities, including the quality of the applicant’s social networks marshalled to secure employment as well as the level of education, skills, or experience certain jobs require. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. But you don’t have to have a moral failing to act on an implicit bias.”. “When people focus on not seeing color,” writes Eberhardt, “they may also fail to see discrimination.” To paraphrase Mellody Hobson’s famous TED Talk, the fight against racism shouldn’t be about developing colorblindness—but color braveness. Analysts estimate that the bail premium charged to black male defendants is 35 percent more than what white defendants pay, Plea Bargaining – Black defendants are more likely than whites, Asians, or Latinos to be offered plea deals that require prison time, particularly for drug-related crimes. Out-group members, are not processed as deeply or attended to as carefully. And although looking black is not a crime, jurors are more likely to deliver a death sentence to black felons who have stereotypically black facial features than to those who do not, at least when their victims are white.Bias can lead to racial disparities in everything from preschool suspensions to corporate leadership. It’s simple to explain, but not so easy to see or to rectify. Eberhardt did a couple of studies that uncovered that white police officers are more inclined to focus their attention on a black face after being shown a word related to criminal activity. And he wasn’t even charged with a crime. Jennifer L. Eberhardt’s magisterial study, Biased, is an examination of precisely this: implicit bias—what it is, where it comes from, how it affects us, and how we can address it. Many people nowadays believe this, even though it is a known fact that all humans have descended from Africa and share a common ancestry. We also found that the more dramatic the FFA response to a specific face, the more likely the study participants were able to recognize that stranger’s face when they were shown the photograph again later, outside the scanner.”, In other words, the experiment was the first neuroimaging study to uncover that we are both evolutionary and biologically hardwired to feel affiliation toward those who look like us. This type of racial profiling became a serious problem a few years back and the company contacted Eberhardt to find a solution. As Jennifer L. Eberhardt demonstrates, you don’t have to be racist to be: According to Robin DiAngelo, author of White Fragility, Biased “should be a required reading for everyone.”, And even though that is true (especially if you are an American), to avoid generalizations, we’ll also quote Linda Darling-Hammond, author of The Flat World and Education: How America’s Commitment to Equity will Determine our Future: “Biased is deeply relevant to education and other fields of work, within the U.S. and globally. And though black drivers were twice as likely to be searched by police, they were 26 percent less likely than whites to be found in possession of contraband. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her book, Biased. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as … Eberhardt’s book is a deep dive on race, with a focus on how race relates to law enforcement and beyond. Book Summary: Biased by Dr Jennifer Eberhardt | Free Infographic. Biased Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do (Book) : Eberhardt, Jennifer L. : You don't have to be racist to be biased. Consider unintended consequences if the description is so vague that an innocent person could be targeted.• Don’t assume criminality based on someone’s race or ethnicity. Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt By benmunoz April 30, 2020 The Big Idea: You don’t have to be racist to behave with subconscious racial bias. Stream and download audiobooks to your computer, tablet and iOS and Android devices. Thus begins a vicious cycle: As black students pull back, their teachers may become more frustrated with them, and as the teachers’ frustration grows, those students become even more inclined to disengage or act out. And this is not an isolated incident: it happens so often, in fact, that numerous games have been halted because of this—in France only. That’s why it’s hard to eliminate it as well. The African-American Stanford University psychology professor — and author of a new book called Biased … Blatant bigotry is, unfortunately, not a relic of the past. So, Nextdoor added some friction and since about two years ago, for the crime and safety tab, you can’t just write—you have to identify some behavior that is actually suspicious. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her book, Biased. About Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt A social psychologist at Stanford University, Jennifer Eberhardt investigates the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime. The bias is built into the system. According to police officers, it was for safety reasons. Do not miss out on this opportunity! The same held true for only 1 out of 15 white people. Racism is still a serious problem in the United States – even in the 21st century. Each chapter examines one facet of racism, the authorial camera alternately zooming in on an episode from Kendi’s life that exemplifies it—e.g., as a teen, he wore light-colored contact lenses, wanting “to be Black but…not…to look Black”—and then panning to the history that informs it (the antebellum hierarchy that valued light skin over dark). Try not to notice color. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to … Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. December 16, 2020 DoingDewey Uncategorized 11 ★★★★★ Title: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do Author: Jennifer L. Eberhardt Source: from publisher for review Links: Bookshop (affiliate link) |Goodreads Rating: Summary: This was everything I want from pop psychology or books on race … African Americans are more likely than any other group to live in segregated neighbourhoods. Like “Bias is not something we exhibit and act on all the time. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Book | Viking, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC | 2019 A book summary of the 3 big ideas, 2 most compelling quotes and 1 action you can take from Biased by Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. For example, when it comes to corporate leadership roles, the mental associations between whiteness and leadership have contributed to the scarcity of minorities at the helm of powerhouse corporate entities. So, the way out isn’t more imprisoned people, but, as paradoxically as it may sound, more law: Decades of research have shown that across a variety of professions people care as much about how they are treated during the course of an interaction as the outcome of that interaction. Black lives matter—but they matter less to whites. The reason is obvious: the more time people of different racial backgrounds spend with each other, the less they are inclined to act on instinct for the simple reason that instinct can now give way to experience. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to … Believe it or not, according to a survey by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, 22% of young Americans who came of age in the twenty-first century have never heard of the Holocaust. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt, a Social Psychologist at Stanford University, suggests that these associations are bidirectional, indicating that various thoughts, emotions, and concepts are often associated to ethnicity and race. And the categorization process applies not just to people; it works on all things. Implicit bias can be layered and complicated. Photo Credit: Global Diaspora News (www.GlobalDiasporaNews.com). And this process includes “a checklist of reminders” that people have to click through before they can post something about someone “suspicious”: • Focus on behavior. JENNIFER EBERHARDT: Yeah, but the issue with police officers is just the power that they have in their decision-making and, you know, the consequences of that bias… And the reason is simple: they don’t see black people the way black people see each other: they see them as natural threats. It is conditional, and the battle begins by understanding the conditions under which it is most likely to come alive.” Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. Jennifer Eberhardt, one of the world's leading experts on unconscious racial bias, has conducted training sessions with law enforcement for nearly 15 years on how bias … Eberhardt demonstrates how this type of racial abuse is not isolated in time as well: it has a sound historical basis in many pseudoscientific theories of the 19th century that presented African-Americans as sub-humans. Jennifer L. Eberhardt’s magisterial study, Biased, is an examination of precisely this: implicit bias—what it is, where it comes from, how it affects us, and how we can address it. That cringe-worthy expression "They all look alike" has long been considered the province of being a bigot. She got her PhD from Harvard. The formulas used to calculate bail often rely on factors—job stability, arrest history, family resources—that circumstantially disadvantage young black men. 60 Second Summary: Biased – Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. Few can speak more authoritatively to the subject of racial bias than Stanford psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. 1 likes. Back in 2000, a now well-known Stanford study revealed something quite remarkable: London cab drivers had enlarged posterior hippocampal regions (the part of the brain that plays a critical role in spatial memory and navigation) in comparison with a control group of people who didn’t drive cabs for a living. Today, the unemployment rate for black teens and young adults is about twice as high as it is for whites. According to studies by sociologists Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager, the more blacks there are in a community, the higher people imagine the crime rate to be—regardless of whether statistics bear that out. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. In crisp language, using research studies as well as history lessons, she demonstrates that bias against African-Americans is pervasive and longstanding. What was the person doing that concerned you, and how does it relate to a possible crime?• Give a full description, including clothing, to distinguish between similar people. “Drawing on her pioneering research, Jennifer Eberhardt’s new book offers a powerful exploration of how racial bias seeps into our classrooms, college campuses, police departments, and businesses.” —Bruce Western, author of Punishment and Inequality in America and Professor of Sociology, Columbia University However, Biased is primarily about race, and primarily about the relationship between blacks and whites, not only because “the racial dynamics between blacks and whites are dramatic, consequential, and enduring,” but also because these two groups “have been studied the most by researchers investigating bias.”, “We all have ideas about race, even the most open-minded among us,” writes Eberhardt in a further delineation of the subject-matter of her book. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Implicit bias, in other words, works inside us (and against those who are not like us) even when we say it doesn’t: that’s why it’s called implicit. And we fill every category we develop with information and imbue it with feelings that guide our actions toward it.”. Nearly half of the students said it was to protest taxes on imported goods.”. When someone seems foreign or unfamiliar or unpredictable, your gut reactions prepare you to be wary. Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think and Do, by Jennifer L Eberhardt, Viking, ISBN 9780735224933, 2019, 340 pages, $28.00 hardcover. Stanford University social psychologist Jennifer L. Eberhardt’s enlightening new book, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do, is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the challenging and painful interactions that surround issues of prejudice and racial bias. In other words, it is an unconscious association. If you think that this is because they’ve deserved it more—Justice is blind and all that—think otherwise: Eberhardt studied 28,000 random police stops made between 2013 and 2014 only to discover that African-Americans are habitually handcuffed (1 in 4 individuals) as opposed to white Americans (1 in 15)! These factors are particularly present in the Criminal Justice System. This is not because someone is consciously discriminating against African-Americans. Research shows that fear can be a driver of bias. ― Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Eberhardt, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, has penned a … In crisp language, using research studies as well as history lessons, she demonstrates that bias against African-Americans is pervasive and longstanding. The same fear response that’s supposed to keep us safe can activate bias in ways that stigmatize and threaten others. Nearly half of the students said it was to protest taxes on imported goods. Black people are stopped by police at disproportionate levels and are more likely to have force used upon them. Few can speak more authoritatively to the subject of racial bias than Stanford psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt. Humans, as species, rely on this kind of “categorizing” to manage information more efficiently. But if it is factual, then why is it a stereotype as well? This bias impedes our efforts to embrace and understand people who are deemed not like us. Yet she also offers us tools to address it. The numbers don’t lie: 1 out of 4 black people was handcuffed during these police stops even when no arrest was made. But it is actually a function of biology and exposure. It is because the people in our institutions are mostly whites and they are primed to discriminate unconsciously against people who are not like them. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. And we all suffer from this type of racial blindness, which is the by-product of the same-race advantage in the face-recognition process. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Kant was one of the first people to notice this, our brains have developed to help us survive, and, English football players of African descent were mocked in precisely the same manner in Bulgaria, shouldn’t be about developing colorblindness—but color braveness. Her research draws up a stunning … You see, we are born with something modern social psychologists refer to as “implicit bias,” that is to say, an innate predilection for people who look like us coupled with an immediate suspicion against those who are different. Namely, just as white police officers don’t trust “male blacks” because they are polluted with this type of skepticism (both organically and culturally), “male blacks” do not trust police officers either, because they feel that they are being discriminated; and so, they discriminate back. Buried deep near the base of the brain, the FFA helps us distinguish the familiar from the unfamiliar, friend from foe. But that’s what tends to occur when you’re thinking fast: the innate biases and categorizations buried within you flow to the surface because the brain has to make an instant decision. In the policing context, this suggests that people stopped by police care as much about how police officers treat them as they do about whether they got a ticket. At a time of life when critical work habits and life skills are developed, black teens in low-income neighbourhoods—where businesses, restaurants, and retail outlets are sparse—have fewer options and face adult competition for entry-level jobs. In fact, both research and real-life experience have shown that if officers act in accordance with four tenets—voice, fairness, respect, trustworthiness—residents will be more inclined to think of the police as legitimate authorities and therefore be more likely to comply with the law. 1. Color blindness promoted exactly the opposite of what was intended: racial inequality. Try not to think about color. If you don’t allow yourself to think about race, you can never be biased. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions), a … J ennifer Eberhardt is a MacArthur “genius grant” winner and psychology professor at Stanford University who studies implicit bias. At first, the police wondered why did the attacks targeted such a specific group of people, but, soon after, profilers unearthed the reason: the black teenagers knew that Chinese women would have problems differentiating between them and, thus, would be unable to identify them even if caught. In Biased, Eberhardt reminds us that racial bias is a human problem—one all people can play a role in solving. Because if this book doesn’t convince you that what you believe and think you know is merely something that your brain wants you to – and is not necessarily based on reality – then very few books can, let alone will. 12min Team | Posted on November 6, 2019 |. We account for only 4.4 percent of the world’s population but house 22 percent of the world’s prisoners. 3 Big Ideas. In a study of how white people arranged the physical space when they knew they’d be in conversation with blacks, the arrangements varied based on the subject of those chats. When the study participants were told they’d be talking in small groups about love and relationships, they set the chairs close to one another. Racial bias is … Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. ©2019 Jennifer L. Eberhardt (P)2019 Penguin Audio What listeners say about Biased More power to you, sister. The stereotypes shadow them. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as … And this goes so far that experiments have shown that white people still think, unconsciously, of black people as something almost sub-human. Eberhardt and her team analyzed about 28,000 police stops between 2013 and 2014 to see if the hypothesis described above bears a relation with reality. The bias is built into the system. “In truth,” Eberhardt writes, “bias has been biding its time in an implicit world—in a place where we need not acknowledge it to ourselves or to others, even as it touches our soul and drives our behavior.”. Just as we place people into categories, we place other animals into categories. Bias is also more likely to flare up when our decisions are left unmonitored when there are no checks and balances on the spur-of-the-moment choices we make. As everybody knows, racism and implicit bias can be tackled (and have been tackled) by the process of desegregation. It left minority children to fend for themselves in an environment where the harms they endured could not be seen. This is when bias is most likely to occur. This is implicit bias, a sort of “distorting lens” engraved in your eyes that, unfortunately, gets distorted even more by the disparities in our society. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. Research shows that people tend to grossly overestimate the extent to which they will speak out against prejudice, particularly when they are not the target of the offense. Stanford psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt, a MacArthur Fellow, shows how stereotypes arise and how they work in the background to shape people’s perceptions and actions. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. Dr. Eberhardt’s work offers a touchstone for educators, leaders, lawmakers, and all those who want a society that serves everyone equally.”. That is when out-group bias can surface instinctively. Blacks were disproportionately stopped even when we controlled for factors like the crime rate and the racial breakdown of residents in the areas where the stops took place. Finding common ground with someone your body and mind tell you is different from you can only be achieved through frequent contact—and only over periods of time. Bias drives what we perceive, how we think, and the actions we take. She takes on the subject of bias in the context of police shootings and other instances of inherent bias in today’s culture. Learn more and more, in the speed that the world demands. Pop Psychology Nonfiction Review: Biased. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. Black defendants who hire private attorneys are almost twice as likely to have the primary charge against them reduced than are the black clients of public defenders. This has resulted not merely in the upsurge of prejudice against African-Americans, but also in the highly unexpected increase in anti-Semitic violence: just between 2015 and 2017, it spiked 60%! Jennifer Eberhardt has been interested in issues of race and bias since she was a child. Even though the police officers spoke of Rodney King using unambiguous racial terms (equating African-Americans with apes) they were eventually acquitted, an event that sparked the 1992 Los Angeles riots. And this is the best illustration of implicit bias you can find. Research shows that talking about racial issues with people of other races is particularly stressful for whites. We place furniture into categories. When people focus on not seeing color, they may also fail to see discrimination. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. Tackling Implicit Bias Is Difficult—but Doable, “When people think about racism,” says Jennifer L. Eberhardt in an interview for Time magazine, “they’re thinking about bigots. While we discuss the limits of free speech with people who are advocating equality, right-wing groups have slowly, but surely, regrouped and started doing things nobody believed would be repeated. Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt By benmunoz April 30, 2020 The Big Idea: You don’t have to be racist to behave with subconscious racial bias. Toby Sinclair Book Summaries June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 7 Minutes. Racial profiling is expressly prohibited. Encouraging children to remain blind to race dampened their detection of discrimination, which had ripple effects. We’d like to invite you to download our free 12 min app for more amazing summaries and audiobooks. Participants were even faster to respond “shoot” to a black person holding a gun than they were to a white person holding a gun. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. And two-thirds of them—meaning, four in ten Americans overall—have failed to identify “Auschwitz” as a Nazi death camp! Our ideas about race are shaped by the stereotypes to which we are exposed on a daily basis. Release –  The prison experience has been shown to dramatically deepen social inequality, marginalizing former inmates in almost every significant sphere. Even though African-Americans make up only about one-tenth of the overall population in the USA, almost half of the imprisoned men and women are African-Americans! In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. 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